The investigators also reported that enamel fluorosis was present in 86% of the children in the high-exposure group and in 14% of the children in the low-exposure group and that skeletal fluorosis was found only in the high-exposure group at 9%.Īnother Chinese study evaluated fluoride exposure due to inhalation of soot and smoke from domestic coal fires used for cooking, heating, and drying grain (Li et al. (1996) also compared the IQs of 160 children (ages 7-14)Įducation. Qin and Cui (1990) observed similar negative correlation between IQ and fluoride intake through drinking water. Urinary fluoride concentrations were inversely correlated with mental performance in the IQ test. For the children in the low-fluoride village, only 3.4% had such low scores. Of special importance, 21.6% of the children in the high-fluoride village scored 70 or below on the IQ scale. IQ measurements using the Chinese Combined Raven’s Test, Copyright 2 (see Wang and Qian 1989), showed significantly lower mean IQ scores among children in the high-fluoride area (92.27 ± 20.45) than in children in the low-fluoride area (103.05 ± 13.86). Urinary fluoride concentrations were measured at 4.99 ± 2.57 mg/L in the high-fluoride area and 1.43 ± 0.64 mg/L in the low-fluoride area. The children were lifelong residents of the villages and had similar social and educational levels. (2000) in a different area of China also compared the IQs of 118 children (ages 10-12) living in two areas with different fluoride concentrations in the water (3.15 ± 0.61 mg/L in one area and 0.37 ± 0.04 mg/L in the other). A follow-up study to determine whether the lower IQ scores of the children in Wamiao might be related to differences in lead exposure disclosed no significant difference in blood lead concentrations in the two groups of children (Xiang et al. Modal scores of the IQ distributions in the two villages were approximately the same. There were corresponding increases in the number of children in the lower IQ range. The number of children in Wamiao with scores in the higher IQ ranges was less than that in Xinhuai. A comparable illustration of the IQ scores of males is shown in Figure 7-2. The distribution of IQ scores from the females in the two villages is shown in Figure 7-1. The IQ scores in both males and females declined with increasing fluoride exposure. Using the combined Raven’s Test for Rural China, the average intelligence quotient (IQ) of the children in Wamiao was found to be significantly lower (92.2 ± 13.00 range, 54-126) than that in Xinhuai (100.41 ± 13.21 range, 60-128). Mean urinary fluoride 1 concentrations were found to be 3.47 ± 1.95 mg/L in Wamiao and 1.11 ± 0.39 mg/L in Xinhuai. Thus, the difference in fluoride exposure was attributed to the amount in the drinking water. Nificant sources of fluoride, such as smoke from coal fires, industrial pollution, or consumption of brick tea.
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